@article{7d6ba8b67a4245a68985459c263eae9c,
title = "Scaling behaviour in steady-state contracting actomyosin networks",
abstract = "Contractile actomyosin network flows are crucial for many cellular processes including cell division and motility, morphogenesis and transport. How local remodelling of actin architecture tunes stress production and dissipation and regulates large-scale network flows remains poorly understood. Here, we generate contracting actomyosin networks with rapid turnover in vitro, by encapsulating cytoplasmic Xenopus egg extracts into cell-sized {\textquoteleft}water-in-oil{\textquoteright} droplets. Within minutes, the networks reach a dynamic steady-state with continuous inward flow. The networks exhibit homogeneous, density-independent contraction for a wide range of physiological conditions, implying that the myosin-generated stress driving contraction and the effective network viscosity have similar density dependence. We further find that the contraction rate is roughly proportional to the network turnover rate, but this relation breaks down in the presence of excessive crosslinking or branching. Our findings suggest that cells use diverse biochemical mechanisms to generate robust, yet tunable, actin flows by regulating two parameters: turnover rate and network geometry.",
author = "Maya Malik-Garbi and Niv Ierushalmi and Silvia Jansen and Enas Abu-Shah and Goode, {Bruce L.} and Alex Mogilner and Kinneret Keren",
note = "Funding Information: W911NF-17-1-0417 to A.M., and by grants from the Brandeis NSF MRSEC DMR-1420382 and the National Institutes of Health (R01-GM063691) to B.L.G. Funding Information: We thank Y. Kafri, E. Braun and members of our laboratories for useful discussions and comments on the manuscript. We thank N. Fakhri, T. H. Tan, A. Solon, R. Voituriez, G. Bunin and C. Schmidt for useful discussions. We thank C. Field and J. Pelletier for advice on extracts and for the GFP–Lifeact construct. We thank G. Ben-Yoseph for excellent technical support. We thank J. Eskin for assistance with cartoon models.This work was supported by a grant from the Israel Science Foundation (grant no. 957/15) to K.K., a grant from the United States–Israel Binational Science Foundation (grant no. 2013275) to K.K. and A.M., a grant from the United States–Israel Binational Science Foundation to K.K. and B.L.G. (grant no. 2017158), by US Army Research Office grant Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",
year = "2019",
month = may,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1038/s41567-018-0413-4",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "15",
pages = "509--516",
journal = "Nature Physics",
issn = "1745-2473",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "5",
}