Search for Eγ≥5×1013 eV γ -ray transients through the BAKSAN and EAS-TOP correlated data

M. Aglietta; B. Alessandro; V. V. Alexeenko; Yu M. Andreev; P. Antonioli; F. Arneodo; L. Bergamasco; M. Bertaina; C. Castagnoli; A. Castellina; A. Chiavassa; G. Cini Castagnoli; B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli; G. Di Sciascio; D. D. Djappuev; W. Fulgione; P. Galeotti; P. L. Ghia; E. N. Gulieva; M. Iacovacci; N. S. Khaerdinov; A. U. Kudzhaev; A. S. Lidvansky; G. Mannocchi; O. I. Mikhailova; C. Morello; G. Navarra; S. Kh Ozrokov; V. B. Petkov; V. Ya Poddubny; O. Saavedra; Yu V. Stenkin; V. I. Stepanov; G. C. Trinchero; P. Vallania; S. Vernetto; C. Vigorito; A. V. Voevodsky

doi:10.1016/S0927-6505(00)00118-3

Search for E_γ≥5×10¹³ eV γ -ray transients through the BAKSAN and EAS-TOP correlated data

M. Aglietta, B. Alessandro, V. V. Alexeenko, Yu M. Andreev, P. Antonioli, F. Arneodo, L. Bergamasco, M. Bertaina, C. Castagnoli, A. Castellina, A. Chiavassa, G. Cini Castagnoli, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, G. Di Sciascio, D. D. Djappuev, W. Fulgione, P. Galeotti, P. L. Ghia, E. N. Gulieva, M. IacovacciN. S. Khaerdinov, A. U. Kudzhaev, A. S. Lidvansky, G. Mannocchi, O. I. Mikhailova, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Kh Ozrokov, V. B. Petkov, V. Ya Poddubny, O. Saavedra, Yu V. Stenkin, V. I. Stepanov, G. C. Trinchero, P. Vallania, S. Vernetto, C. Vigorito, A. V. Voevodsky

Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

A search for transient point sources of ultra-high-energy (UHE) γ-rays has been performed, based on the correlation of two extensive air shower arrays, BAKSAN (North Caucasus, 1700 m a.s.l., BAKSAN Neutrino Observatory, Russia) and EAS-TOP (Campo Imperatore, 2005 a.s.l., Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy), which are located at very similar latitudes (φ≈43° N), and separated in longitude by Δλ≈33.7°. The search has been conducted at primary energy E_γ≥5×10¹³ eV on the time scale of a daily source transit over the sky, observable in the northern hemisphere (19°<δ<69°), and for three sources, namely the Crab Nebula, Markarian 421 and Markarian 501, observed at TeV energies by atmospheric Cherenkov detectors. The stability of the single detectors has been studied and verified up to high significance level. No coincident excess, not compatible with the expectations from statistical fluctuations, has been observed. The obtained upper limits to the rate of transient events, n_γ, at 90% c.l., are concerning the sky survey, in the declination band corresponding to the zenith, n_γ/(Ωt)<12/(yrsr) with Φ_γ(E_γ>5×10¹³ eV)2.0×10^-11 cm^-2s^-1 and duration Δt<8 h; concerning the candidate sources, e.g., for Markarian 421: n_γ/t<7.7/yr with Φ_γ(E_γ>5×10¹³ eV)>1.3×10^-11 cm^-2s^-1 and Δt<7.5 h. A coincident episode from Markarian 421, observed on 15 January, 1994, with expected chance imitation rate n_ch= 0.01 is discussed.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	189-200
Number of pages	12
Journal	Astroparticle Physics
Volume	14
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-6505(00)00118-3
State	Published - Nov 2000

Keywords

07.85
95.85
96.40
98.70
Cosmic rays
γ -rays

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Access to Document

10.1016/S0927-6505(00)00118-3

Cite this

Aglietta, M., Alessandro, B., Alexeenko, V. V., Andreev, Y. M., Antonioli, P., Arneodo, F., Bergamasco, L., Bertaina, M., Castagnoli, C., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, A., Cini Castagnoli, G., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Di Sciascio, G., Djappuev, D. D., Fulgione, W., Galeotti, P., Ghia, P. L., Gulieva, E. N., ... Voevodsky, A. V. (2000). Search for E_γ≥5×10¹³ eV γ -ray transients through the BAKSAN and EAS-TOP correlated data. Astroparticle Physics, 14(3), 189-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-6505(00)00118-3

Aglietta, M, Alessandro, B, Alexeenko, VV, Andreev, YM, Antonioli, P, Arneodo, F, Bergamasco, L, Bertaina, M, Castagnoli, C, Castellina, A, Chiavassa, A, Cini Castagnoli, G, D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B, Di Sciascio, G, Djappuev, DD, Fulgione, W, Galeotti, P, Ghia, PL, Gulieva, EN, Iacovacci, M, Khaerdinov, NS, Kudzhaev, AU, Lidvansky, AS, Mannocchi, G, Mikhailova, OI, Morello, C, Navarra, G, Ozrokov, SK, Petkov, VB, Poddubny, VY, Saavedra, O, Stenkin, YV, Stepanov, VI, Trinchero, GC, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Vigorito, C & Voevodsky, AV 2000, 'Search for E_γ≥5×10¹³ eV γ -ray transients through the BAKSAN and EAS-TOP correlated data', Astroparticle Physics, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 189-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-6505(00)00118-3

@article{2028a868ee1b46e2840cd9d8d9642ee8,

title = "Search for Eγ≥5×1013 eV γ -ray transients through the BAKSAN and EAS-TOP correlated data",

abstract = "A search for transient point sources of ultra-high-energy (UHE) γ-rays has been performed, based on the correlation of two extensive air shower arrays, BAKSAN (North Caucasus, 1700 m a.s.l., BAKSAN Neutrino Observatory, Russia) and EAS-TOP (Campo Imperatore, 2005 a.s.l., Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy), which are located at very similar latitudes (φ≈43° N), and separated in longitude by Δλ≈33.7°. The search has been conducted at primary energy Eγ≥5×1013 eV on the time scale of a daily source transit over the sky, observable in the northern hemisphere (19°<δ<69°), and for three sources, namely the Crab Nebula, Markarian 421 and Markarian 501, observed at TeV energies by atmospheric Cherenkov detectors. The stability of the single detectors has been studied and verified up to high significance level. No coincident excess, not compatible with the expectations from statistical fluctuations, has been observed. The obtained upper limits to the rate of transient events, nγ, at 90% c.l., are concerning the sky survey, in the declination band corresponding to the zenith, nγ/(Ωt)<12/(yrsr) with Φγ(Eγ>5×1013 eV)2.0×10-11 cm-2s-1 and duration Δt<8 h; concerning the candidate sources, e.g., for Markarian 421: nγ/t<7.7/yr with Φγ(Eγ>5×1013 eV)>1.3×10-11 cm-2s-1 and Δt<7.5 h. A coincident episode from Markarian 421, observed on 15 January, 1994, with expected chance imitation rate nch= 0.01 is discussed.",

keywords = "07.85, 95.85, 96.40, 98.70, Cosmic rays, γ -rays",

author = "M. Aglietta and B. Alessandro and Alexeenko, {V. V.} and Andreev, {Yu M.} and P. Antonioli and F. Arneodo and L. Bergamasco and M. Bertaina and C. Castagnoli and A. Castellina and A. Chiavassa and {Cini Castagnoli}, G. and {D'Ettorre Piazzoli}, B. and {Di Sciascio}, G. and Djappuev, {D. D.} and W. Fulgione and P. Galeotti and Ghia, {P. L.} and Gulieva, {E. N.} and M. Iacovacci and Khaerdinov, {N. S.} and Kudzhaev, {A. U.} and Lidvansky, {A. S.} and G. Mannocchi and Mikhailova, {O. I.} and C. Morello and G. Navarra and Ozrokov, {S. Kh} and Petkov, {V. B.} and Poddubny, {V. Ya} and O. Saavedra and Stenkin, {Yu V.} and Stepanov, {V. I.} and Trinchero, {G. C.} and P. Vallania and S. Vernetto and C. Vigorito and Voevodsky, {A. V.}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors wish to thank the director and the staff of the National Gran Sasso Laboratories for their constant support, as well as C. Barattia, R. Bertoni, G. Giuliani, A. Giuliano and G. Pirali for their technical assistance. Part of this work was supported by INTAS under contract 93-303 and we are indebted to J. Osborne for his precious organization. V.V.A. wishes to thank O.G. Ryazhskaya for kind cooperation and INFN for hospitality. ",

year = "2000",

month = nov,

doi = "10.1016/S0927-6505(00)00118-3",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "14",

pages = "189--200",

journal = "Astroparticle Physics",

issn = "0927-6505",

publisher = "Elsevier",

number = "3",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Search for Eγ≥5×1013 eV γ -ray transients through the BAKSAN and EAS-TOP correlated data

AU - Aglietta, M.

AU - Alessandro, B.

AU - Alexeenko, V. V.

AU - Andreev, Yu M.

AU - Antonioli, P.

AU - Arneodo, F.

AU - Bergamasco, L.

AU - Bertaina, M.

AU - Castagnoli, C.

AU - Castellina, A.

AU - Chiavassa, A.

AU - Cini Castagnoli, G.

AU - D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B.

AU - Di Sciascio, G.

AU - Djappuev, D. D.

AU - Fulgione, W.

AU - Galeotti, P.

AU - Ghia, P. L.

AU - Gulieva, E. N.

AU - Iacovacci, M.

AU - Khaerdinov, N. S.

AU - Kudzhaev, A. U.

AU - Lidvansky, A. S.

AU - Mannocchi, G.

AU - Mikhailova, O. I.

AU - Morello, C.

AU - Navarra, G.

AU - Ozrokov, S. Kh

AU - Petkov, V. B.

AU - Poddubny, V. Ya

AU - Saavedra, O.

AU - Stenkin, Yu V.

AU - Stepanov, V. I.

AU - Trinchero, G. C.

AU - Vallania, P.

AU - Vernetto, S.

AU - Vigorito, C.

AU - Voevodsky, A. V.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors wish to thank the director and the staff of the National Gran Sasso Laboratories for their constant support, as well as C. Barattia, R. Bertoni, G. Giuliani, A. Giuliano and G. Pirali for their technical assistance. Part of this work was supported by INTAS under contract 93-303 and we are indebted to J. Osborne for his precious organization. V.V.A. wishes to thank O.G. Ryazhskaya for kind cooperation and INFN for hospitality.

PY - 2000/11

Y1 - 2000/11

N2 - A search for transient point sources of ultra-high-energy (UHE) γ-rays has been performed, based on the correlation of two extensive air shower arrays, BAKSAN (North Caucasus, 1700 m a.s.l., BAKSAN Neutrino Observatory, Russia) and EAS-TOP (Campo Imperatore, 2005 a.s.l., Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy), which are located at very similar latitudes (φ≈43° N), and separated in longitude by Δλ≈33.7°. The search has been conducted at primary energy Eγ≥5×1013 eV on the time scale of a daily source transit over the sky, observable in the northern hemisphere (19°<δ<69°), and for three sources, namely the Crab Nebula, Markarian 421 and Markarian 501, observed at TeV energies by atmospheric Cherenkov detectors. The stability of the single detectors has been studied and verified up to high significance level. No coincident excess, not compatible with the expectations from statistical fluctuations, has been observed. The obtained upper limits to the rate of transient events, nγ, at 90% c.l., are concerning the sky survey, in the declination band corresponding to the zenith, nγ/(Ωt)<12/(yrsr) with Φγ(Eγ>5×1013 eV)2.0×10-11 cm-2s-1 and duration Δt<8 h; concerning the candidate sources, e.g., for Markarian 421: nγ/t<7.7/yr with Φγ(Eγ>5×1013 eV)>1.3×10-11 cm-2s-1 and Δt<7.5 h. A coincident episode from Markarian 421, observed on 15 January, 1994, with expected chance imitation rate nch= 0.01 is discussed.

AB - A search for transient point sources of ultra-high-energy (UHE) γ-rays has been performed, based on the correlation of two extensive air shower arrays, BAKSAN (North Caucasus, 1700 m a.s.l., BAKSAN Neutrino Observatory, Russia) and EAS-TOP (Campo Imperatore, 2005 a.s.l., Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy), which are located at very similar latitudes (φ≈43° N), and separated in longitude by Δλ≈33.7°. The search has been conducted at primary energy Eγ≥5×1013 eV on the time scale of a daily source transit over the sky, observable in the northern hemisphere (19°<δ<69°), and for three sources, namely the Crab Nebula, Markarian 421 and Markarian 501, observed at TeV energies by atmospheric Cherenkov detectors. The stability of the single detectors has been studied and verified up to high significance level. No coincident excess, not compatible with the expectations from statistical fluctuations, has been observed. The obtained upper limits to the rate of transient events, nγ, at 90% c.l., are concerning the sky survey, in the declination band corresponding to the zenith, nγ/(Ωt)<12/(yrsr) with Φγ(Eγ>5×1013 eV)2.0×10-11 cm-2s-1 and duration Δt<8 h; concerning the candidate sources, e.g., for Markarian 421: nγ/t<7.7/yr with Φγ(Eγ>5×1013 eV)>1.3×10-11 cm-2s-1 and Δt<7.5 h. A coincident episode from Markarian 421, observed on 15 January, 1994, with expected chance imitation rate nch= 0.01 is discussed.

KW - 07.85

KW - 95.85

KW - 96.40

KW - 98.70

KW - Cosmic rays

KW - γ -rays

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