Secure and Resilient Control of IoT-Based 3D Printers

Due to the high costs, outsourcing 3D-printing production becomes necessary. The integration of a 3D-printing system with Internet of Things (IoT) networks constitutes an IoT-based 3D printer, introducing new challenges. Potential attackers can explore the weaknesses of IoT-based communications to damage the physical parts of the 3D-printing system. In this chapter, we explore the vulnerabilities of IoT-based 3D-printing systems and design a cross-layer approach for the system. At the physical layer, we use a Markov jump system (MHS) to model the system and design a control policy to withstand uncertainties. At the cyber-layer, we use a cyber FlipIt game to model the contention between the defender and attacker for the control of the 3D-printing system. To connect these two layers, we develop a Stackelberg framework to capture the interactions between cyber-layer attacker and defender game and the physical-layer controller and disturbance game. We also define a new equilibrium concept that captures interdependence of the zero-sum and FlipIt games. We use numerical examples to illustrate the equilibria and design defense strategies for 3D printers as a trade-off between security and robustness.