TY - JOUR
T1 - Signal-Dependent Shot and Relative Intensity Noise in Channel Estimation of Laser Diode-Based Indoor VLC Systems
AU - Yaseen, Maysa
AU - Elamassie, Mohammed
AU - Ikki, Salama
AU - Uysal, Murat
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 1972-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2025
Y1 - 2025
N2 - Laser diode (LD) powered luminaires are already gaining traction in automotive applications and are expected to be increasingly deployed in homes and offices in the near future. This gives a unique opportunity to build visible light communication (VLC) systems with ultra-high-bandwidths offered by the LDs. However, LDs are subject to some inherent noise sources, notably signal-dependent shot noise (SDSN) and relative intensity noise (RIN). RIN basically describes the instability in the power level of a laser and quantifies the output power fluctuations. SDSN arises from variations in the photodetector's response to optical signals. Our research explores the interplay between SDSN and RIN, revealing their combined adverse effect on channel estimation accuracy in a VLC system. Towards this direction, we first derive the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CLRB) in the presence of the SDSN and the RIN, which gives a lower estimate for the variance of an unbiased estimator. Then, we present the derivation of least square (LS) and maximum likelihood (ML) channel estimators. Furthermore, we present the optimal receiver in ML sense and compare it with a simple threshold detector as a sub-optimal solution, quantifying the impact of channel estimation accuracy on both receivers. Our study results reveal the adverse impact of the joint presence of SDSN and RIN on the channel estimation error; consequently, it degrades the BER of the two proposed receivers. Moreover, RIN emerges as the dominant noise source, especially at higher levels of transmitted power.
AB - Laser diode (LD) powered luminaires are already gaining traction in automotive applications and are expected to be increasingly deployed in homes and offices in the near future. This gives a unique opportunity to build visible light communication (VLC) systems with ultra-high-bandwidths offered by the LDs. However, LDs are subject to some inherent noise sources, notably signal-dependent shot noise (SDSN) and relative intensity noise (RIN). RIN basically describes the instability in the power level of a laser and quantifies the output power fluctuations. SDSN arises from variations in the photodetector's response to optical signals. Our research explores the interplay between SDSN and RIN, revealing their combined adverse effect on channel estimation accuracy in a VLC system. Towards this direction, we first derive the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CLRB) in the presence of the SDSN and the RIN, which gives a lower estimate for the variance of an unbiased estimator. Then, we present the derivation of least square (LS) and maximum likelihood (ML) channel estimators. Furthermore, we present the optimal receiver in ML sense and compare it with a simple threshold detector as a sub-optimal solution, quantifying the impact of channel estimation accuracy on both receivers. Our study results reveal the adverse impact of the joint presence of SDSN and RIN on the channel estimation error; consequently, it degrades the BER of the two proposed receivers. Moreover, RIN emerges as the dominant noise source, especially at higher levels of transmitted power.
KW - Cramar-Rao lower bound
KW - Visible light communication
KW - channel estimation
KW - error performance analysis
KW - receiver design
KW - relative intensity noise
KW - signal-dependent shot noise
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U2 - 10.1109/TCOMM.2024.3420736
DO - 10.1109/TCOMM.2024.3420736
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85197526053
SN - 0090-6778
VL - 73
SP - 498
EP - 509
JO - IEEE Transactions on Communications
JF - IEEE Transactions on Communications
IS - 1
ER -