@article{9b71d7565b3b4f22b980dc906bf3f9ae,
title = "Stoichiometric interactions explain spindle dynamics and scaling across 100 million years of nematode evolution",
abstract = "The spindle shows remarkable diversity, and changes in an integrated fashion, as cells vary over evolution. Here, we provide a mechanistic explanation for variations in the first mitotic spindle in nematodes. We used a combination of quantitative genetics and biophysics to rule out broad classes of models of the regulation of spindle length and dynamics, and to establish the importance of a balance of cortical pulling forces acting in different directions. These experiments led us to construct a model of cortical pulling forces in which the stoichiometric interactions of microtubules and force generators (each force generator can bind only one microtubule), is key to explaining the dynamics of spindle positioning and elongation, and spindle final length and scaling with cell size. This model accounts for variations in all the spindle traits we studied here, both within species and across nematode species spanning over 100 million years of evolution.",
author = "Reza Farhadifar and Yu, {Che Hang} and Gunar Fabig and Wu, {Hai Yin} and Stein, {David B.} and Matthew Rockman and Thomas M{\"u}ller-Reichert and Shelley, {Michael J.} and Needleman, {Daniel J.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank JA Calarco, E Nazockdast, and D Riccardi for useful discussions and assistance. We acknowledge the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center (CGC) for providing us with some strains used in this study. The CGC is funded by the NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (P40 OD010440). The computations in this paper were run, in part, on the Odyssey cluster supported by the FAS Division of Science, Research Computing Group at Harvard University, and were run, in part, on facilities supported by the Scientific Computing Core at the Flatiron Institute. Support was provided by Human Frontier Science Program grant RGP 0034/2010 to TM-R, and DJN, National Science Foundation Grants DBI-0959721 and DBI-1919834 to DJN, National Institutes of Health Grant 1R01GM104976-01, and National Science Foundation under awards DMR-1420073 (NYU MRSEC), DMS-1620331, and DMR-2004469 to MJS, and NIH Grant 1R01GM121828 to MVR. TM-R received funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG grants MU 1423/8–1 and 8–2). Funding Information: We thank JA Calarco, E Nazockdast, and D Riccardi for useful discussions and assistance. We acknowledge the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center (CGC) for providing us with some strains used in this study. The CGC is funded by the NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (P40 OD010440). The computations in this paper were run, in part, on the Odyssey cluster supported by the FAS Division of Science, Research Computing Group at Harvard University, and were run, in part, on facilities supported by the Scientific Computing Core at the Flatiron Institute. Support was provided by Human Frontier Science Program grant RGP 0034/2010 to TM-R, and DJN, National Science Foundation Grants DBI-0959721 and DBI-1919834 to DJN, National Institutes of Health Grant 1R01GM104976-01, and National Science Foundation under awards DMR-1420073 (NYU MRSEC), DMS-1620331, and DMR-2004469 to MJS, and NIH Grant 1R01GM121828 to MVR. TM-R received funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG grants MU 1423/8?1 and 8?2). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Farhadifar et al.",
year = "2020",
month = sep,
doi = "10.7554/ELIFE.55877",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "9",
pages = "1--26",
journal = "eLife",
issn = "2050-084X",
publisher = "eLife Sciences Publications",
}