Abstract
A study of the primary cosmic ray composition in the energy range 5ṡ1014-5ṡ1015 eV is performed through the analysis of the deep underground muons and of the e.m. component of Extensive Air Showers detected in coincidence by the MACRO and EAS-TOP experiments at the Gran Sasso Laboratory. We conclude that: a) pure proton and Iron primary beams are excluded by the experimental data; b) a fraction of nuclei heavier than Helium is necessary to explain the experimental data both below and above the knee; c) a mixed composition, obtained a priori from extrapolations of the spectra directly measured below 100 TeV, yields a reasonable account of the observations up to the knee of the primary spectrum.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 376-382 |
| Number of pages | 7 |
| Journal | Physics Letters B |
| Volume | 337 |
| Issue number | 3-4 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Oct 13 1994 |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Nuclear and High Energy Physics
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Study of the primary cosmic ray composition around the knee of the energy spectrum. / Aglietta, M.; Alessandro, B.; Antonioli, P.; Arneodo, F.; Bergamasco, L.; Bertaina, M.; Fauth, A. Campos; Castagnoli, C.; Castellina, A.; Cattadori, C.; Chiavassa, A.; Cini, G.; D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B.; Di Sciascio, G.; Fulgione, W.; Galeotti, P.; Ghia, P. L.; Iacovacci, M.; Mannocchi, G.; Melagrana, C.; Morello, C.; Navarra, G.; Riccati, L.; Saavedra, O.; Trinchero, G. C.; Vallania, P.; Vernetto, S.; Ahlen, S.; Ambrosio, M.; Antolini, R.; Auriemma, G.; Baker, R.; Baldini, A.; Barbarino, G. C.; Barish, B. C.; Battistoni, G.; Bellotti, R.; Bemporad, C.; Bernardini, P.; Bilokon, H.; Bisi, V.; Bloise, C.; Bower, C.; Bussino, S.; Cafagna, F.; Calicchio, M.; Campana, D.; Carboni, M.; Cecchini, S.; Cei, F.; Chiarella, V.; Cormack, R.; Corona, A.; Coutu, S.; DeCataldo, G.; Dekhissi, H.; DeMarzo, C.; De Mitri, M.; De Vincenzi, M.; Di Credico, A.; Diehl, E.; Erriquez, O.; Favuzzi, C.; Ficenec, D.; Forti, C.; Fusco, P.; Giacomelli, G.; Giannini, G.; Giglietto, N.; Goretti, M.; Grassi, M.; Green, P.; Grillo, A.; Guarino, F.; Guarnaccia, P.; Gustavino, C.; Habig, A.; Hanson, K.; Heinz, R.; Hong, J. T.; Iarocci, E.; Katsavounidis, E.; Kearns, E.; Klein, S.; Kyriazopoulou, S.; Lamanna, E.; Lane, C.; Levin, D. S.; Lipari, P.; Liu, G.; Liu, R.; Longo, M. J.; Lu, Y.; Ludlam, G.; Mancarella, G.; Mandrioli, G.; Margiotta-Neri, A.; Marin, A.; Marini, A.; Martello, D.; Chiesa, A. Marzari; Matteuzzi, P.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Michael, D. G.; Mikheyev, S.; Miller, L.; Mittelbrun, M.; Monacelli, P.; Montaruli, T.; Monteno, M.; Mufson, S.; Musser, J.; Nicoló, D.; Nolty, R.; Nutter, S.; Okada, C.; Osteria, G.; Palamara, O.; Parlati, S.; Patera, V.; Patrizii, L.; Pavesi, B.; Pazzi, R.; Peck, C. W.; Petrakis, J.; Petrera, S.; Pignatano, N. D.; Pistilli, P.; Rainó, A.; Reynoldson, J.; Ronga, F.; Sanzani, G.; Sanzgiri, A.; Sartogo, F.; Satriano, C.; Satta, L.; Scapparone, E.; Scholberg, K.; Sciubba, A.; Lugaresi, P. Serra; Severi, M.; Sitta, M.; Spinelli, P.; Spinetti, M.; Spurio, M.; Steele, J.; Steinberg, R.; Stone, J. L.; Sulak, L. R.; Surdo, A.; Tarlé, G.; Togo, V.; Valente, V.; Walter, C. W.; Webb, R.; Worstell, W.
In: Physics Letters B, Vol. 337, No. 3-4, 13.10.1994, p. 376-382.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Study of the primary cosmic ray composition around the knee of the energy spectrum
AU - Aglietta, M.
AU - Alessandro, B.
AU - Antonioli, P.
AU - Arneodo, F.
AU - Bergamasco, L.
AU - Bertaina, M.
AU - Fauth, A. Campos
AU - Castagnoli, C.
AU - Castellina, A.
AU - Cattadori, C.
AU - Chiavassa, A.
AU - Cini, G.
AU - D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B.
AU - Di Sciascio, G.
AU - Fulgione, W.
AU - Galeotti, P.
AU - Ghia, P. L.
AU - Iacovacci, M.
AU - Mannocchi, G.
AU - Melagrana, C.
AU - Morello, C.
AU - Navarra, G.
AU - Riccati, L.
AU - Saavedra, O.
AU - Trinchero, G. C.
AU - Vallania, P.
AU - Vernetto, S.
AU - Ahlen, S.
AU - Ambrosio, M.
AU - Antolini, R.
AU - Auriemma, G.
AU - Baker, R.
AU - Baldini, A.
AU - Barbarino, G. C.
AU - Barish, B. C.
AU - Battistoni, G.
AU - Bellotti, R.
AU - Bemporad, C.
AU - Bernardini, P.
AU - Bilokon, H.
AU - Bisi, V.
AU - Bloise, C.
AU - Bower, C.
AU - Bussino, S.
AU - Cafagna, F.
AU - Calicchio, M.
AU - Campana, D.
AU - Carboni, M.
AU - Cecchini, S.
AU - Cei, F.
AU - Chiarella, V.
AU - Cormack, R.
AU - Corona, A.
AU - Coutu, S.
AU - DeCataldo, G.
AU - Dekhissi, H.
AU - DeMarzo, C.
AU - De Mitri, M.
AU - De Vincenzi, M.
AU - Di Credico, A.
AU - Diehl, E.
AU - Erriquez, O.
AU - Favuzzi, C.
AU - Ficenec, D.
AU - Forti, C.
AU - Fusco, P.
AU - Giacomelli, G.
AU - Giannini, G.
AU - Giglietto, N.
AU - Goretti, M.
AU - Grassi, M.
AU - Green, P.
AU - Grillo, A.
AU - Guarino, F.
AU - Guarnaccia, P.
AU - Gustavino, C.
AU - Habig, A.
AU - Hanson, K.
AU - Heinz, R.
AU - Hong, J. T.
AU - Iarocci, E.
AU - Katsavounidis, E.
AU - Kearns, E.
AU - Klein, S.
AU - Kyriazopoulou, S.
AU - Lamanna, E.
AU - Lane, C.
AU - Levin, D. S.
AU - Lipari, P.
AU - Liu, G.
AU - Liu, R.
AU - Longo, M. J.
AU - Lu, Y.
AU - Ludlam, G.
AU - Mancarella, G.
AU - Mandrioli, G.
AU - Margiotta-Neri, A.
AU - Marin, A.
AU - Marini, A.
AU - Martello, D.
AU - Chiesa, A. Marzari
AU - Matteuzzi, P.
AU - Mazziotta, M. N.
AU - Michael, D. G.
AU - Mikheyev, S.
AU - Miller, L.
AU - Mittelbrun, M.
AU - Monacelli, P.
AU - Montaruli, T.
AU - Monteno, M.
AU - Mufson, S.
AU - Musser, J.
AU - Nicoló, D.
AU - Nolty, R.
AU - Nutter, S.
AU - Okada, C.
AU - Osteria, G.
AU - Palamara, O.
AU - Parlati, S.
AU - Patera, V.
AU - Patrizii, L.
AU - Pavesi, B.
AU - Pazzi, R.
AU - Peck, C. W.
AU - Petrakis, J.
AU - Petrera, S.
AU - Pignatano, N. D.
AU - Pistilli, P.
AU - Rainó, A.
AU - Reynoldson, J.
AU - Ronga, F.
AU - Sanzani, G.
AU - Sanzgiri, A.
AU - Sartogo, F.
AU - Satriano, C.
AU - Satta, L.
AU - Scapparone, E.
AU - Scholberg, K.
AU - Sciubba, A.
AU - Lugaresi, P. Serra
AU - Severi, M.
AU - Sitta, M.
AU - Spinelli, P.
AU - Spinetti, M.
AU - Spurio, M.
AU - Steele, J.
AU - Steinberg, R.
AU - Stone, J. L.
AU - Sulak, L. R.
AU - Surdo, A.
AU - Tarlé, G.
AU - Togo, V.
AU - Valente, V.
AU - Walter, C. W.
AU - Webb, R.
AU - Worstell, W.
N1 - Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge the support of the director and staff of the Gran Sasso National Laboratory, and the invaluable assistance of the technical staff of the institutions participating in the experiments. This work was supported in part by the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), the Italian National Research Council (CNR), the US Department of Energy, and the US National Science Foundation.
PY - 1994/10/13
Y1 - 1994/10/13
N2 - A study of the primary cosmic ray composition in the energy range 5ṡ1014-5ṡ1015 eV is performed through the analysis of the deep underground muons and of the e.m. component of Extensive Air Showers detected in coincidence by the MACRO and EAS-TOP experiments at the Gran Sasso Laboratory. We conclude that: a) pure proton and Iron primary beams are excluded by the experimental data; b) a fraction of nuclei heavier than Helium is necessary to explain the experimental data both below and above the knee; c) a mixed composition, obtained a priori from extrapolations of the spectra directly measured below 100 TeV, yields a reasonable account of the observations up to the knee of the primary spectrum.
AB - A study of the primary cosmic ray composition in the energy range 5ṡ1014-5ṡ1015 eV is performed through the analysis of the deep underground muons and of the e.m. component of Extensive Air Showers detected in coincidence by the MACRO and EAS-TOP experiments at the Gran Sasso Laboratory. We conclude that: a) pure proton and Iron primary beams are excluded by the experimental data; b) a fraction of nuclei heavier than Helium is necessary to explain the experimental data both below and above the knee; c) a mixed composition, obtained a priori from extrapolations of the spectra directly measured below 100 TeV, yields a reasonable account of the observations up to the knee of the primary spectrum.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=4243235886&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=4243235886&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/0370-2693(94)90991-1
DO - 10.1016/0370-2693(94)90991-1
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:4243235886
VL - 337
SP - 376
EP - 382
JO - Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics
JF - Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics
SN - 0370-2693
IS - 3-4
ER -