Surface Functionalization of Biomaterials

Stem cells have the ability to sense their microenvironment and respond to them accordingly; therefore, cellular functions of these stem cells can be regulated or controlled by manipulating their microenvironment. Controlling the interactions between biomaterials and stem cells is a critical factor for exploring the complete potential of biomaterials in the field of stem cell-based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Surface functionalization or modification paves a way for tailoring the biomaterial's surface in accordance to the physiological surrounding of the living cells; thereby, enhancing structure and functions of engineered tissues and organs. There are a variety of methods and technologies available to modify the surface of biomaterials depending on the manner the cell or tissue properties needs to be regenerated. This book chapter reviews current trends in various surface modification techniques concerning the surface treatment of engineered biomaterials along with the biological relevance of the surface functionalized biomaterials in the context of stem cell research. Authors have also discussed about the challenges related to surface functionalization and understanding the interactions between the implants and stem cell.