TY - JOUR
T1 - Systematic review and meta-analysis of decay rates of waterborne mammalian viruses and coliphages in surface waters
AU - Boehm, Alexandria B.
AU - Silverman, Andrea I.
AU - Schriewer, Alexander
AU - Goodwin, K.
N1 - Funding Information:
AB was partially supported by the National Science Foundation (CBET- 1804169). This publication was also prepared by authors under partial support from NOAA Grant #NA14OAR4170075, California Sea Grant College Program Project #R/RCC-06, through NOAA's National Sea Grant College Program, U.S. Dept. of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of California Sea Grant, NOAA or the U.S. Dept. of Commerce. The authors acknowledge W. Jennings and E. Andruszkiewicz for their input on the work.
Funding Information:
AB was partially supported by the National Science Foundation ( CBET- 1804169 ). This publication was also prepared by authors under partial support from NOAA Grant # NA14OAR4170075 , California Sea Grant College Program Project # R/RCC-06 , through NOAA's National Sea Grant College Program , U.S. Dept. of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of California Sea Grant, NOAA or the U.S. Dept. of Commerce. The authors acknowledge W. Jennings and E. Andruszkiewicz for their input on the work.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2019/11/1
Y1 - 2019/11/1
N2 - Surface waters are essential natural resources. They are also receiving waters for a variety of anthropogenic waste streams that carry a myriad of pollutants including pathogens. Watershed and fate and transport models can help inform the spatial and temporal extent of microbial pollution from point and non-point sources and thus provide useful information for managing surface waters. Viruses are particularly important water-related pathogens because they often have a low infectious dose, which means that ingestion of even a small volume of water containing a low concentration of virions has the potential to cause disease. We conducted a systematic review of the literature, following best practices, to gather decay rate constants (k) of mammalian waterborne viruses (enteroviruses, adenoviruses, noroviruses, astroviruses, rotaviruses, and hepatitis A viruses) and coliphages in raw surface waters to aid in the parameterization of virus fate and transport models. We identified 562 k values from the literature, with the largest number identified for enteroviruses and coliphages and the smallest for astrovirus, hepatitis A virus, and norovirus. Average k values for each virus varied from 0.07 to 0.9 per day, in order from smallest to largest: Norwalk virus (i.e., noroviruses) < Human astrovirus < Mastadenovirus (i.e., adenoviruses) < Hepatovirus A (i.e., hepatitis A viruses) < Rotavirus A < coliphages < Enterovirus. A meta-analysis investigated how k varied among viruses for experiments conducted with different virus serotypes or species at different temperatures, salinities, and sunlight exposures, and for experiments that enumerated viruses using different methodologies. Virus species or serotype did not affect k among decay experiments. k values were generally larger for experiments conducted at higher temperatures, in sunlight, and in estuarine waters, and enumerated using culture methods. k values were statistically different between virus types with Norwalk virus, Hepatovirus A, and Mastadenovirus having smaller k values than other viruses, controlling for experimental condition and enumeration method. While F+ coliphage k values were similar to those of Enterovirus, Human astrovirus, and Rotavirus A, they were different from those of the other mammalian viruses. This compilation of coliphage and mammalian virus k values provides essential information for researchers and risk assessors who model virus fate and transport in surface waters and identifies avenues for future research to fill knowledge gaps.
AB - Surface waters are essential natural resources. They are also receiving waters for a variety of anthropogenic waste streams that carry a myriad of pollutants including pathogens. Watershed and fate and transport models can help inform the spatial and temporal extent of microbial pollution from point and non-point sources and thus provide useful information for managing surface waters. Viruses are particularly important water-related pathogens because they often have a low infectious dose, which means that ingestion of even a small volume of water containing a low concentration of virions has the potential to cause disease. We conducted a systematic review of the literature, following best practices, to gather decay rate constants (k) of mammalian waterborne viruses (enteroviruses, adenoviruses, noroviruses, astroviruses, rotaviruses, and hepatitis A viruses) and coliphages in raw surface waters to aid in the parameterization of virus fate and transport models. We identified 562 k values from the literature, with the largest number identified for enteroviruses and coliphages and the smallest for astrovirus, hepatitis A virus, and norovirus. Average k values for each virus varied from 0.07 to 0.9 per day, in order from smallest to largest: Norwalk virus (i.e., noroviruses) < Human astrovirus < Mastadenovirus (i.e., adenoviruses) < Hepatovirus A (i.e., hepatitis A viruses) < Rotavirus A < coliphages < Enterovirus. A meta-analysis investigated how k varied among viruses for experiments conducted with different virus serotypes or species at different temperatures, salinities, and sunlight exposures, and for experiments that enumerated viruses using different methodologies. Virus species or serotype did not affect k among decay experiments. k values were generally larger for experiments conducted at higher temperatures, in sunlight, and in estuarine waters, and enumerated using culture methods. k values were statistically different between virus types with Norwalk virus, Hepatovirus A, and Mastadenovirus having smaller k values than other viruses, controlling for experimental condition and enumeration method. While F+ coliphage k values were similar to those of Enterovirus, Human astrovirus, and Rotavirus A, they were different from those of the other mammalian viruses. This compilation of coliphage and mammalian virus k values provides essential information for researchers and risk assessors who model virus fate and transport in surface waters and identifies avenues for future research to fill knowledge gaps.
KW - Coliphage
KW - Inactivation
KW - Modeling
KW - Rate constant
KW - Surface water
KW - Viruses
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U2 - 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114898
DO - 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114898
M3 - Article
C2 - 31404902
AN - SCOPUS:85070340490
SN - 0043-1354
VL - 164
JO - Water Research
JF - Water Research
M1 - 114898
ER -