TEXT GENERATION BY LEARNING FROM DEMONSTRATIONS

Richard Yuanzhe Pang, He He

Research output: Contribution to conferencePaperpeer-review

Abstract

Current approaches to text generation largely rely on autoregressive models and maximum likelihood estimation. This paradigm leads to (i) diverse but low-quality samples due to mismatched learning objective and evaluation metric (likelihood vs. quality) and (ii) exposure bias due to mismatched history distributions (gold vs. model-generated). To alleviate these problems, we frame text generation as an offline reinforcement learning (RL) problem with expert demonstrations (i.e., the reference), where the goal is to maximize quality given model-generated histories. We propose GOLD (generation by off-policy learning from demonstrations): an easy-to-optimize algorithm that learns from the demonstrations by importance weighting. Intuitively, GOLD upweights confident tokens and downweights unconfident ones in the reference during training, avoiding optimization issues faced by prior RL approaches that rely on online data collection. According to both automatic and human evaluation, models trained by GOLD outperform those trained by MLE and policy gradient on summarization, question generation, and machine translation. Further, our models are less sensitive to decoding algorithms and alleviate exposure bias.

Original languageEnglish (US)
StatePublished - 2021
Event9th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2021 - Virtual, Online
Duration: May 3 2021May 7 2021

Conference

Conference9th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2021
CityVirtual, Online
Period5/3/215/7/21

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Language and Linguistics
  • Computer Science Applications
  • Education
  • Linguistics and Language

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