The ballooning spectrum of rotating plasmas

Ballooning modes are shown to be part of the spectrum by using a "singular sequence" of localized modes. We show that the modes arise from Alfven and slow magnetosonic waves propagating along rays confined inside the plasma. Different ballooning modes are seen, depending on the particular rotating frame of observation, indicating that there are accumulation points of eigenvalues. The effect of rigidly rotating flow is seen to be destabilizing due to an analog of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability associated with density gradients in the presence of a centrifugal force. Flow shear also modifies the stability criterion. A certain component of the flow shear will eliminate the ballooning modes.