TY - JOUR
T1 - The Blind Side
T2 - Latency Challenges in Millimeter Wave Networks for Connected Vehicle Applications
AU - Tunc, Caglar
AU - Ozkoc, Mustafa F.
AU - Fund, Fraida
AU - Panwar, Shivendra S.
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received May 24, 2020; revised September 22, 2020 and November 17, 2020; accepted November 22, 2020. Date of publication December 22, 2020; date of current version February 12, 2021. This work was supported in part by NYU Wireless, Ernst Weber Fellowships and in part by the NY State Center for Advanced Technology in Telecommunications (CATT). The review of this article was coordinated by Prof. Rui Dinis. (Corresponding author: Caglar Tunc.) The authors are with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]). Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TVT.2020.3046501
Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by NYU Wireless, Ernst Weber Fellowships and in part by the NY State Center forAdvancedTechnology inTelecommunications (CATT).
Publisher Copyright:
© 1967-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2021/1
Y1 - 2021/1
N2 - Millimeter-wave (mmWave) is a promising network access technology to enable the high data rates, high reliability and ultra-low latency required by connected vehicle services in future vehicular networks. However, mmWave links are prone to blockages due to high penetration loss, which can cause frequent service interruptions and degrade the system performance in terms of reliability and latency. In this study, we analyze the latency and reliability performance of mmWave communications between vehicles and roadside units (RSUs) in a highway scenario, where the line-of-sight (LOS) links can be blocked by vehicles. First, we establish a continuous-time Markov chain model of the blockage events. By using the steady-state solution of this model, we explicitly derive the blockage probability and average blockage duration, which can be used to characterize the reliability and latency performance. We validate the accuracy of the analytical model by comparing it with simulations using real-world traffic data and vehicle distributions. We demonstrate that reducing the duration of long-lasting blockage events is more challenging than reducing the frequency of blockages. We consider three approaches to control the blockage probability and distribution of blockage durations: (i) increasing RSU density, (ii) increasing RSU heights and (iii) managing the vehicular speed limits. We show that the first two approaches are effective in reducing the blockage probability, whereas the third approach can be used to eliminate long blockages and improve latency performance. We discuss the implications of our results in terms of the benefits and challenges associated with these approaches.
AB - Millimeter-wave (mmWave) is a promising network access technology to enable the high data rates, high reliability and ultra-low latency required by connected vehicle services in future vehicular networks. However, mmWave links are prone to blockages due to high penetration loss, which can cause frequent service interruptions and degrade the system performance in terms of reliability and latency. In this study, we analyze the latency and reliability performance of mmWave communications between vehicles and roadside units (RSUs) in a highway scenario, where the line-of-sight (LOS) links can be blocked by vehicles. First, we establish a continuous-time Markov chain model of the blockage events. By using the steady-state solution of this model, we explicitly derive the blockage probability and average blockage duration, which can be used to characterize the reliability and latency performance. We validate the accuracy of the analytical model by comparing it with simulations using real-world traffic data and vehicle distributions. We demonstrate that reducing the duration of long-lasting blockage events is more challenging than reducing the frequency of blockages. We consider three approaches to control the blockage probability and distribution of blockage durations: (i) increasing RSU density, (ii) increasing RSU heights and (iii) managing the vehicular speed limits. We show that the first two approaches are effective in reducing the blockage probability, whereas the third approach can be used to eliminate long blockages and improve latency performance. We discuss the implications of our results in terms of the benefits and challenges associated with these approaches.
KW - Markov processes
KW - Millimeter wave communication
KW - automated highways
KW - intelligent vehicles
KW - stochastic systems
KW - telecommunication network reliability
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U2 - 10.1109/TVT.2020.3046501
DO - 10.1109/TVT.2020.3046501
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85098779127
SN - 0018-9545
VL - 70
SP - 529
EP - 542
JO - IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
JF - IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
IS - 1
M1 - 9303460
ER -