The Influence of Surface Treatment on Osseointegration of Endosteal Implants Presenting Decompressing Vertical Chambers: An In Vivo Study in Sheep

Purpose: To qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate histologic osseointegration parameters of implants designed with decompressing vertical chambers between the threads with two different surface treatments (TiO₂ blasting + maleic acid vs TiO₂ blasting + maleic + HCl) in a large translational animal model at 3 and 6 weeks in vivo. Materials and Methods: Nine female sheep were used, and 72 implants with trapezoidal threads and decompressing vertical chambers of 0.6 mm in diameter and 0.2 mm in depth were placed in the ilium crest. After 3 and 6 weeks, the animals were euthanized, and biomechanical and histomophometric analyses were performed. Results: Survey histologic evaluation indicated intimate contact between the bone and the implants independent of surface treatment at both times in vivo. Bone formation at both time points depicted an intramembranous-type healing pattern between the implant threads. The mean removal torque values for all groups showed a relative increase in removal torque from 3 to 6 weeks. In terms of bone area fraction occupancy analysis, significant differences were found at 6 weeks between surface treatments (P =.046), where the experimental surface yielded higher degrees of bone area fraction occupancy. Conclusion: Conical implants with decompressing vertical chambers between threads presented similar osseointegration parameters regarding bone-to-implant contact and torque-out test values irrespective of surface treatment.