The Ink Splotch Effect: A Case Study on ChatGPT as a Co-Creative Game Designer

Asad Anjum, Yuting Li, Noelle Law, M. Charity, Julian Togelius

    Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contribution

    Abstract

    This paper studies how large language models (LLMs) can act as effective, high-level creative collaborators and "muses"for game design. We model the design of this study after the exercises artists use by looking at amorphous ink splotches for creative inspiration. Our goal is to determine whether AI-assistance can improve, hinder, or provide an alternative quality to games when compared to the creative intents implemented by human designers. The capabilities of LLMs as game designers are stress tested by placing it at the forefront of the decision making process. Three prototype games are designed across 3 different genres: (1) a minimalist base game, (2) a game with features and game feel elements added by a human game designer, and (3) a game with features and feel elements directly implemented from prompted outputs of the LLM, ChatGPT. A user study was conducted and participants were asked to blindly evaluate the quality and their preference of these games. We discuss both the development process of communicating creative intent to an AI chatbot and the synthesized open feedback of the participants. We use this data to determine both the benefits and shortcomings of AI in a more design-centric role.

    Original languageEnglish (US)
    Title of host publicationProceedings of the 19th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, FDG 2024
    EditorsGillian Smith, Jim Whitehead, Ben Samuel, Katta Spiel, Riemer van Rozen
    PublisherAssociation for Computing Machinery
    ISBN (Electronic)9798400709555
    DOIs
    StatePublished - May 21 2024
    Event19th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, FDG 2024 - Worcester, United States
    Duration: May 21 2024May 24 2024

    Publication series

    NameACM International Conference Proceeding Series

    Conference

    Conference19th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, FDG 2024
    Country/TerritoryUnited States
    CityWorcester
    Period5/21/245/24/24

    Keywords

    • AI-assisted game design
    • LLMs
    • Unity
    • co-creative game design
    • mixed-initiative creativity
    • procedural content generation
    • user study

    ASJC Scopus subject areas

    • Human-Computer Interaction
    • Computer Networks and Communications
    • Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
    • Software

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