@article{36a01de352f1487a8ddf1a970e715625,
title = "The Microrandomized Trial for Developing Digital Interventions: Experimental Design and Data Analysis Considerations",
abstract = "Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) are time-varying adaptive interventions that use frequent opportunities for the intervention to be adapted—weekly, daily, or even many times a day. The microrandomized trial (MRT) has emerged for use in informing the construction of JITAIs. MRTs can be used to address research questions about whether and under what circumstances JITAI components are effective, with the ultimate objective of developing effective and efficient JITAI. The purpose of this article is to clarify why, when, and how to use MRTs; to highlight elements that must be considered when designing and implementing an MRT; and to review primary and secondary analyses methods for MRTs. We briefly review key elements of JITAIs and discuss a variety of considerations that go into planning and designing an MRT. We provide a definition of causal excursion effects suitable for use in primary and secondary analyses of MRT data to inform JITAI development. We review the weighted and centered least-squares (WCLS) estimator which provides consistent causal excursion effect estimators from MRT data. We describe how the WCLS",
author = "Tianchen Qian and Walton, {Ashley E.} and Collins, {Linda M.} and Predrag Klasnja and Lanza, {Stephanie T.} and Inbal Nahum-Shani and Mashfiqui Rabbi and Russell, {Michael A.} and Walton, {Maureen A.} and Hyesun Yoo and Murphy, {Susan A.}",
note = "Funding Information: Tianchen Qian was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants P50DA039838, R01AA023187, U01CA229437, and U54EB020404. Ashley E. Walton was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants RF1MH117813, P50DA039838, R01AA023187, and U54EB020404. Linda M. Collins was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants P50DA039838, R01AA02 2931, P01CA180945, and R01DA040480. Predrag Klasnja was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants R01HL125440, U01CA229445, and R01LM013107. Stephanie T. Lanza was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant P50DA039838. Inbal Nahum-Shani was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants: U01 CA229437, R01 DA039901, R01 CA224537, R01 AA026574, R01 DK108678; and by Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute Grant PCS-2017C2-7613. Mashfiqui Rabbi was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants P50DA039838, R01AA023187, U01CA229437, and U54EB020404. Michael A. Russell was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant P50DA039838. Maureen A. Walton was supported by funding from the University of Michigan Injury Prevention Center (Centers for Disease Control R49CE002099). Hyesun Yoo was funded by National Institutes of Health Grant R01AA023187. Susan A. Murphy was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants P50DA039838, R01AA023187, U01CA229437, P41EB028242, and U54EB020404. The authors thank Amanda Applegate for helpful comments. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 American Psychological Association",
year = "2022",
doi = "10.1037/met0000283",
language = "English (US)",
journal = "Psychological Methods",
issn = "1082-989X",
publisher = "American Psychological Association Inc.",
}