@article{2161ce11b09b4bdaa165d96108bef6c1,
title = "The mouse as a model for neuropsychiatric drug development",
abstract = "Much has been written about the validity of mice as a preclinical model for brain disorders. Critics cite numerous examples of apparently effective treatments in mouse models that failed in human clinical trials, raising the possibility that the two species{\textquoteright} neurobiological differences could explain the high translational failure rate in psychiatry and neurology (neuropsychiatry). However, every stage of translation is plagued by complex problems unrelated to neurobiological conservation. Therefore, although these case studies are intriguing, they cannot alone determine whether these differences observed account for translation failures. Our analysis of the literature indicates that most neuropsychiatric treatments used in humans are at least partially effective in mouse models, suggesting that neurobiological differences are unlikely to be the main cause of neuropsychiatric translation failures. The failure to develop many effective drugs to treat neuropsychiatric diseases has been blamed in part on the inadequacy of the mouse model. In this essay, using a back-translational approach to provide evidence, Howe et al argue that the mouse should continue to serve an important role in neuropsychiatric drug development.",
author = "Howe, {James R.} and Bear, {Mark F.} and Peyman Golshani and Eric Klann and Lipton, {Stuart A.} and Lennart Mucke and Mustafa Sahin and Silva, {Alcino J.}",
note = "Funding Information: M.F.B. is a consultant for Q-State Biosciences and a member of the scientific advisory board of BioAxone Biosciences. S.A.L. is the inventor on worldwide patents for the use of the drug memantine in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Per Harvard University guidelines, S.A.L. participates in a royalty-sharing agreement with his former institution Boston Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, which licensed memantine (Namenda{\textregistered}) to Forest Laboratories, Inc./Actavis/Allergan, Inc. S.A.L. also declares that in addition to his affiliations on the masthead, he is also an Adjunct Professor of Neurology at the Yale School of Medicine. L.M. serves pro bono on the Research Management Committee of Cure Network Dolby Acceleration Partners, LLC, and is also a member of the External Advisory Board of the NIH-sponsored Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Disease Precision Models Center of Indiana University and The Jackson Laboratory. M.S. has received grants and consulting fees from Roche, grants from Novartis, Pfizer, LAM Therapeutics, Ibsen, Navitor, Rugen and Neuren outside the submitted work. He also has served on the Scientific Advisory Board of Sage Therapeutics, PTEN Research Foundation and PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome Foundation. M.S. also serves on the professional advisory board of Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance and is part of the Preclinical Autism Consortium for Therapeutics (PACT) funded by Autism Speaks. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Elsevier Ltd",
year = "2018",
month = sep,
day = "10",
doi = "10.1016/j.cub.2018.07.046",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "28",
pages = "R909--R914",
journal = "Current Biology",
issn = "0960-9822",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "17",
}