TY - JOUR
T1 - Transforming growth factor-beta 3 (Tgf-β3) in a collagen gel delays fusion of the rat posterior interfrontal suture in vivo
AU - Opperman, Lynne A.
AU - Moursi, Amr M.
AU - Sayne, Jennifer R.
AU - Wintergerst, Ana Maria
PY - 2002/6/1
Y1 - 2002/6/1
N2 - Postnatal expansion of the intramembranous bones of the craniofacial skeleton occurs as bone growth at sutures. Loss of the bone growth site occurs when the suture fails to form, or when the newly formed sutures become ossified, resulting in premature obliteration. Previous experiments demonstrated that removal of dura mater from fetal rat coronal sutures, or neutralizing transforming growth factor-beta 2 (Tgf-β2) activity using antibodies resulted in premature obliteration of the suture in vitro. Conversely, addition of Tgf-β3 to coronal sutures in vitro rescued them from osseous obliteration. To examine whether Tgf-β3 rescues sutures from obliteration in vivo, a collagen gel was used as a vehicle to deliver Tgf-β3 to the normally fusing rat posterior interfrontal (IF) suture. Surgery was done on postnatal day 9 (P9) rats, in which collagen gels containing 0, 3, or 30 ng Tgf-β3 were placed above the IF suture, underneath the periosteum for 2 weeks. By P24, 75-100% of animals in control unoperated, sham-operated, and collagen gel-only groups had fused IF sutures. In contrast, 40% of sutures exposed to 3 ng Tgf-β3 remained open, while sutures exposed to 30 ng Tgf-β were similar to controls. By immunohistochemistry, sutures rescued from obliteration by Tgf-β3 had the same Tgf-β receptor type II (Tβr-II) distribution as controls. However, Tgf-β3-treated sutures had altered Tgf-β2 and Tβr-I distribution compared to controls.
AB - Postnatal expansion of the intramembranous bones of the craniofacial skeleton occurs as bone growth at sutures. Loss of the bone growth site occurs when the suture fails to form, or when the newly formed sutures become ossified, resulting in premature obliteration. Previous experiments demonstrated that removal of dura mater from fetal rat coronal sutures, or neutralizing transforming growth factor-beta 2 (Tgf-β2) activity using antibodies resulted in premature obliteration of the suture in vitro. Conversely, addition of Tgf-β3 to coronal sutures in vitro rescued them from osseous obliteration. To examine whether Tgf-β3 rescues sutures from obliteration in vivo, a collagen gel was used as a vehicle to deliver Tgf-β3 to the normally fusing rat posterior interfrontal (IF) suture. Surgery was done on postnatal day 9 (P9) rats, in which collagen gels containing 0, 3, or 30 ng Tgf-β3 were placed above the IF suture, underneath the periosteum for 2 weeks. By P24, 75-100% of animals in control unoperated, sham-operated, and collagen gel-only groups had fused IF sutures. In contrast, 40% of sutures exposed to 3 ng Tgf-β3 remained open, while sutures exposed to 30 ng Tgf-β were similar to controls. By immunohistochemistry, sutures rescued from obliteration by Tgf-β3 had the same Tgf-β receptor type II (Tβr-II) distribution as controls. However, Tgf-β3-treated sutures had altered Tgf-β2 and Tβr-I distribution compared to controls.
KW - Collagen gel
KW - Cranial suture morphogenesis
KW - Craniosynostosis
KW - Rat
KW - Tgf-β3
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0036605687&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0036605687&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/ar.10094
DO - 10.1002/ar.10094
M3 - Article
C2 - 11997880
AN - SCOPUS:0036605687
SN - 0003-276X
VL - 267
SP - 120
EP - 130
JO - Anatomical Record
JF - Anatomical Record
IS - 2
ER -