Translational control mechanisms in synaptic plasticity and memory

The requirement of protein synthesis (translation) for long-lasting synaptic plasticity and long-term memory has been known for many years, although until recently, the mechanisms that control translation during these processes were unknown. In this chapter, recent studies that have identified translation regulatory mechanisms that govern the expression of various forms of translation-dependent synaptic plasticity and memory are discussed. Synaptic plasticity and memory deficits in genetically engineered mice that lack specific translation factors and translation regulatory proteins also are discussed. These studies have revealed interesting links among the biochemical activities of translation factors, synaptic plasticity, and memory.