Trends in U.S. HIV Peer Health Worker Training Strategies and Approaches: A Scoping Review of the Literature

Peer health workers (peers) are commonly engaged interventionists in the HIV care spectrum. The objective of this scoping review was to examine the range of evidence on training strategies and approaches for peer-led HIV behavioral interventions in the United States. Four electronic databases (Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO) were searched for peer-reviewed published literature (2010-2021) of peer-led HIV behavioral interventions directed to improving antiretroviral therapy adherence and/or retention in care. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Eleven studies referenced manualized training materials, and nine used role-play as part of their curricula. Peer training content and duration varied across studies, as well as evaluation of intervention fidelity, and peer competency. Findings highlight heterogeneity in peer training strategies and approaches. The expansion and sustainability of peer engagement in the HIV care continuum will require greater consensus among members of the research community on best practices for training.