TY - JOUR
T1 - Ultrafast, Light, Soft Martensitic Materials
AU - Ahmed, Ejaz
AU - Karothu, Durga Prasad
AU - Slimani, Ahmed
AU - Mahmoud Halabi, Jad
AU - Tahir, Ibrahim
AU - Canales, Kevin Quirós
AU - Naumov, Panče
N1 - Funding Information:
E.A. and D.P.K. contributed equally to this work. This work was carried out with financial support from New York University Abu Dhabi. The experimental part of the research was partially carried out using the Core Technology Platform resources at New York University Abu Dhabi.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
PY - 2022/6/3
Y1 - 2022/6/3
N2 - Martensitic transformations are well documented in metals and alloys where the atoms connected via metallic bonds rearrange concertedly and rapidly; however, due to the metal atoms, these materials are inherently very dense and add significant weight and bulkiness to actuating devices. Here, remarkably rapid lattice switching of molecular martensitic materials is reported where the rate of structural transformation exceeds other phase transitions several orders of magnitude. With a determined speed in the range of 0.3–0.6 m s−1, the new phase advances throughout the crystal about ten thousand times faster relative to spin-crossover transitions, and about hundred to hundred thousand times faster than other common structural phase transitions. Macroscopic crystals of these materials respond by rapid expansion or contraction of about 0.02 m s−1 for unrestrained crystals and 0.02–0.03 m s−1 for clamped crystals. Monte–Carlo simulation of the spatiotemporal profile of the transition and of the local distribution of elastic and kinetic energies induced by domain growth reveals the critical role of the dynamic phase boundary and the lattice edges in the structure switching. Within a broader context, this study indicates that the martensitic organic crystals are prospective lightweight substitutes of metals for ultrafast and clean energy transduction.
AB - Martensitic transformations are well documented in metals and alloys where the atoms connected via metallic bonds rearrange concertedly and rapidly; however, due to the metal atoms, these materials are inherently very dense and add significant weight and bulkiness to actuating devices. Here, remarkably rapid lattice switching of molecular martensitic materials is reported where the rate of structural transformation exceeds other phase transitions several orders of magnitude. With a determined speed in the range of 0.3–0.6 m s−1, the new phase advances throughout the crystal about ten thousand times faster relative to spin-crossover transitions, and about hundred to hundred thousand times faster than other common structural phase transitions. Macroscopic crystals of these materials respond by rapid expansion or contraction of about 0.02 m s−1 for unrestrained crystals and 0.02–0.03 m s−1 for clamped crystals. Monte–Carlo simulation of the spatiotemporal profile of the transition and of the local distribution of elastic and kinetic energies induced by domain growth reveals the critical role of the dynamic phase boundary and the lattice edges in the structure switching. Within a broader context, this study indicates that the martensitic organic crystals are prospective lightweight substitutes of metals for ultrafast and clean energy transduction.
KW - crystal structures
KW - martensitic transitions
KW - organic crystals
KW - phase transitions
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U2 - 10.1002/adfm.202112117
DO - 10.1002/adfm.202112117
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85125480849
VL - 32
JO - Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics
JF - Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics
SN - 1057-9257
IS - 23
M1 - 2112117
ER -