Unrolled-DOT: An interpretable deep network for diffuse optical tomography

Yongyi Zhao, Ankit Raghuram, Fay Wang, Stephen Hyunkeol Kim, Andreas Hielscher, Jacob T. Robinson, Ashok Veeraraghavan

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Significance: Imaging through scattering media is critical in many biomedical imaging applications, such as breast tumor detection and functional neuroimaging. Time-of-flight diffuse optical tomography (ToF-DOT) is one of the most promising methods for high-resolution imaging through scattering media. ToF-DOT and many traditional DOT methods require an image reconstruction algorithm. Unfortunately, this algorithm often requires long computational runtimes and may produce lower quality reconstructions in the presence of model mismatch or improper hyperparameter tuning. Aim: We used a data-driven unrolled network as our ToF-DOT inverse solver. The unrolled network is faster than traditional inverse solvers and achieves higher reconstruction quality by accounting for model mismatch. Approach: Our model Unrolled-DOT uses the learned iterative shrinkage thresholding algorithm. In addition, we incorporate a refinement U-Net and Visual Geometry Group (VGG) perceptual loss to further increase the reconstruction quality. We trained and tested our model on simulated and real-world data and benchmarked against physics-based and learning-based inverse solvers. Results: In experiments on real-world data, Unrolled-DOT outperformed learning-based algorithms and achieved over 10 reduction in runtime and mean-squared error, compared to traditional physics-based solvers. Conclusion: We demonstrated a learning-based ToF-DOT inverse solver that achieves state-ofthe- art performance in speed and reconstruction quality, which can aid in future applications for noninvasive biomedical imaging.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)36002
Number of pages1
JournalJournal of biomedical optics
Volume28
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Mar 1 2023

Keywords

  • machine learning
  • optical tomography
  • time-of-flight imaging

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
  • Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Biomaterials

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Unrolled-DOT: An interpretable deep network for diffuse optical tomography'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this