Unsupervised question decomposition for question answering

Ethan Perez, Patrick Lewis, Wen Tau Yih, Kyunghyun Cho, Douwe Kiela

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contribution

Abstract

We aim to improve question answering (QA) by decomposing hard questions into simpler sub-questions that existing QA systems are capable of answering. Since labeling questions with decompositions is cumbersome, we take an unsupervised approach to produce sub-questions, also enabling us to leverage millions of questions from the internet. Specifically, we propose an algorithm for One-to-N Unsupervised Sequence transduction (ONUS) that learns to map one hard, multi-hop question to many simpler, single-hop sub-questions. We answer sub-questions with an off-the-shelf QA model and give the resulting answers to a recomposition model that combines them into a final answer. We show large QA improvements on HOTPOTQA over a strong baseline on the original, out-of-domain, and multi-hop dev sets. ONUS automatically learns to decompose different kinds of questions, while matching the utility of supervised and heuristic decomposition methods for QA and exceeding those methods in fluency. Qualitatively, we find that using subquestions is promising for shedding light on why a QA system makes a prediction.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Title of host publicationEMNLP 2020 - 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Proceedings of the Conference
PublisherAssociation for Computational Linguistics (ACL)
Pages8864-8880
Number of pages17
ISBN (Electronic)9781952148606
StatePublished - 2020
Event2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2020 - Virtual, Online
Duration: Nov 16 2020Nov 20 2020

Publication series

NameEMNLP 2020 - 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Proceedings of the Conference

Conference

Conference2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2020
CityVirtual, Online
Period11/16/2011/20/20

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Information Systems
  • Computer Science Applications
  • Computational Theory and Mathematics

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