Urinary biomarkers in the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury

W. K. Han, S. S. Waikar, A. Johnson, R. A. Betensky, C. L. Dent, P. Devarajan, J. V. Bonventre

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

A change in the serum creatinine is not sensitive for an early diagnosis of acute kidney injury. We evaluated urinary levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) as biomarkers for the detection of acute kidney injury. Urine samples were collected from 44 patients with various acute and chronic kidney diseases, and from 30 normal subjects in a cross-sectional study. A case-control study of children undergoing cardio-pulmonary bypass surgery included urine specimens from each of 20 patients without and with acute kidney injury. Injury was defined as a greater than 50% increase in the serum creatinine within the first 48 h after surgery. The biomarkers were normalized to the urinary creatinine concentration at 12, 24, and 36 h after surgery with the areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve compared for performance. In the cross-sectional study, the area under the curve for MMP-9 was least sensitive followed by KIM-1 and NAG. Combining all three biomarkers achieved a perfect score diagnosing acute kidney injury. In the case-control study, KIM-1 was better than NAG at all time points, but combining both was no better than KIM-1 alone. Urinary MMP-9 was not a sensitive marker in the case-control study. Our results suggest that urinary biomarkers allow diagnosis of acute kidney injury earlier than a rise in serum creatinine.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)863-869
Number of pages7
JournalKidney International
Volume73
Issue number7
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 2008

Keywords

  • Acute kidney injury
  • KIM-1
  • MMP-9
  • NAG

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Nephrology

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