Utilizing Publicly Available Community Data to Address Social Determinants of Health: A Compendium of Data Sources

To compile a compendium of data sources representing different areas of social determinants of health (SDOH) in New York City. We conducted a PubMed search of the peer-reviewed and gray literature using the terms “social determinants of health” and “New York City,” with the Boolean operator “AND.” We then conducted a search of the “gray literature,” defined as sources outside of standard bibliographic databases, using similar terms. We extracted publicly available data sources containing NYC-based data. In defining SDOH, we used the framework outlined by the CDC’s Healthy People 2030, which uses a place-based framework to categorize 5 domains of SDOH: (1) healthcare access and quality; (2) education access and quality; (3) social and community context; (4) economic stability; and (5) neighborhood and built environment. We identified 29 datasets from the PubMed search, and 34 datasets from the gray literature, resulting in 63 datasets related to SDOH in NYC. Of these, 20 were available at the zip code level, 18 at the census tract-level, 12 at the community-district level, and 13 at the census block or specific address level. Community-level SDOH data are readily attainable from many public sources and can be linked with health data on local geographic-levels to assess the effect of social and community factors on individual health outcomes.