@article{8a965ff32c094806a130185b14982ce0,
title = "Variance in search time: Do groups always reduce risk?",
author = "Bergelson, {Joy M.} and Willis, {John H.} and Robakiewicz, {Philip E.}",
note = "Funding Information: pairwise comparisons revealed no consistent downward trend in variance between estimated individual statistics of group members and those of solitary fish (Table I) . Our model does not contradict the one presented by Caraco (1981b), but rather extends his idea of risk analysis in group foraging . Unlike Caraco's model where variance in individual search time is equivalent to variance in group search time, our model includes the assumption that food is encountered individually by each fish and is not shared among group members . Therefore the relevant question concerns the individual's mean and variance in search time, rather than those of the group . To reaffirm the importance of this distinction, note that the variance of an individual's search time in a school is about one order of magnitude greater than that of the school itself. For animals that forage in aquatic systems where food patches are not shared, there is no advantage to schooling in terms of either individual mean or variance in time to find food . We are grateful to the many people who helped us by discussing ideas and reading an earlier draft of the paper . P . Chesson, P . Depuis, L . Gross, W . Fleming, P . Kareiva, J . Kingsolver and J . Waage all made worthwhile contributions . This work was supported by an NSF grant DEB 80-04282 to J .K . Waage .",
year = "1986",
month = feb,
doi = "10.1016/0003-3472(86)90036-9",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "34",
pages = "289--291",
journal = "Animal Behaviour",
issn = "0003-3472",
publisher = "Academic Press",
number = "PART 1",
}