@inproceedings{3eeb3b8f05a846028e12393ecfa01f5c,
title = "Verification code forwarding attack",
abstract = "Major Internet service providers deploy SMS-based verification mechanisms to fortify the security of users{\textquoteright} accounts for critical actions such as password reset and logging in from a new computer. In this paper, we describe a new type of phishing attack where an attacker triggers the delivery of a verification code from a service provider to a user and lures the user to forward the code to him so that he can bypass the SMS verification process. We call this a Verification Code Forwarding Attack (VCFA). The attacker can use VCFA to reset a password of a user{\textquoteright}s account or to get access to a 2-factor enabled account which he already knows its password (e.g., through leaked databases). We attribute the success of this attack to the lack of an effective and usable means for users to verify the service provider, the lack of context for the message sent, and an assumption about users{\textquoteright} understanding of the authentication process. To show the susceptibility of the users to such an attack, we conducted an experiment with 20 mobile phone users and found that more than 25% of users were vulnerable against this type of attack. A semi-structured interview with the subjects of the experiment and a survey of 100 subjects on Amazon Mechanical Turk were done to explore possible causes for the success of this type of attack. We also discuss possible remediation.",
author = "Hossein Siadati and Toan Nguyen and Nasir Memon",
year = "2016",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-319-29938-9_5",
language = "English (US)",
isbn = "9783319299372",
series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)",
publisher = "Springer Verlag",
pages = "65--71",
editor = "Per Thorsheim and Frank Stajano and Graeme Jenkinson and Mjolsnes, {Stig F.}",
booktitle = "Technology and Practice of Passwords - 9th International Conference, PASSWORDS 2015, Proceedings",
note = "9th International Conference on Technology and Practice of Passwords, PASSWORDS 2015 ; Conference date: 07-12-2015 Through 09-12-2015",
}