@article{3cc84b9d4e7d4a0ea9b0deb4dc448002,
title = "Water Security and Irrigation Investment: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Rural Pakistan",
abstract = "This study examines the relationship between water security features and irrigation investment using data from a field survey with a choice experiment conducted in rural Pakistan. Our results generally support Besley{\textquoteright}s framework on the link between property right and investment incentive with an application to irrigation, although not all aspects of water security features can significantly affect farmers{\textquoteright} investment in irrigation. Investment increases significantly with groundwater share, but there is insufficient evidence to support that farmers{\textquoteright} investment is significantly and positively affected by surface water reliability. Farmers who own land or who are located further down the watercourse tend to invest more than their peers do. Existing conditions on surface water reliability significantly affect this relationship. Overall, groundwater use dominates the decision-making of investment and the role of surface water source in securing irrigation water is relatively weak from a farmer{\textquoteright}s perspective.",
keywords = "Water security, irrigated agriculture, irrigation investment, property right",
author = "Wenchao Xu and Man Li and Bell, {Andrew Reid}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [71673228]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [20720161070]; CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) and on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM). Authors thank our enumeration team: Muhammad Mohsin Waqas, Ali Tahir, Asad Rehman Gill, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir, Hamid Saleh, Majid Ikram, Muhammad Hafeez, Muhammad Irshad Ahmed, Muhammad Shafeeque, and Zulqarnain Mushtaq. We are also grateful to Ekin Birol for comments on the experimental design. Thanks are also due to Sue Ellis and Xin Zhang for their assistance with data compilation and proof-reading and to IFPRI Pakistan Strategy Support Program (PSSP) with support from CGIAR Research Program on PIM and the United States Agency for International Development for facilitating the work. Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [71673228]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [20720161070]; CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) and on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018, {\textcopyright} 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.",
year = "2019",
month = feb,
day = "7",
doi = "10.1080/00036846.2018.1513634",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "51",
pages = "711--721",
journal = "Applied Economics",
issn = "0003-6846",
publisher = "Taylor and Francis Ltd.",
number = "7",
}